Hepatitis: modes of transmission

      Viral hepatitis is a group of infectious diseases affecting the liver. Different types of viruses are transmitted via various routes. 1️⃣ Hepatitis A and E (fecal-oral route). Infection occurs through water, food, or dirty hands contaminated with the virus. Key risk factors: ⭕️ Consuming unwashed vegetables and fruits; ⭕️ Untreated water (especially in regions with poor sanitation); ⭕️ Contact with an infected person (through household items). It is more common in countries with hot climates and low hygiene standards. 2️⃣ Hepatitis B, C, and D (parenteral route). Transmitted through blood and other biological fluids. Via blood: ⭕️ Using non-sterile medical and cosmetic instruments (syringes, needles, manicure tools, tattoo equipment); ⭕️ Transfusion of infected blood (rare due to screening of donors). Sexual contact: unprotected sex (especially for hepatitis B). From mother to child: during childbirth or via breast milk (rare). How to prevent? Vaccines are available for hepatitis A and B. There is no vaccine for hepatitis C, so prevention focuses on: ⭕️ Using sterile instruments; ⭕️ Protected sexual contact; ⭕️ Refusing drug use. Hepatitis can be asymptomatic but, if untreated, can lead to serious complications such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Stay cautious!