Vaccination against pneumococcal infection.

      Pneumococcal infection – a group of widespread infectious diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci). According to experts from the World Health Organization (WHO), these are the most common bacterial infections occurring in the adult population, presenting as pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis, and meningitis. Often pneumococcal infection is a complication of viral infections, such as influenza, COVID-19 and others. That is why the issue of preventing pneumococcal infection is so relevant. This is discussed in our article.

      Pneumococcus is a common member of the microflora of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract in humans. It is usually transmitted by respiratory droplets.

      The reservoir and source of the pneumococcal infection pathogen is an infected person (either a patient or a healthy carrier).

      The carriage rate of S. pneumoniae in the human population reaches 80%.

      A major problem in the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia is antibiotic resistance. In Russia, the resistance of pneumococci to penicillins averages 11%, to macrolides — 7%, to tetracyclines — 25%, to co-trimoxazole — 39%.

      Multidrug resistance (resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobial drugs) is found in 14.5% of pneumococcal strains. This complicates the treatment of patients with pneumococcal infection, requires the use of expensive alternative antimicrobial agents, increases the duration of hospitalization and medical treatment costs.

      Often pneumococcal infection does not respond to standard antibiotic treatment due to increased resistance of the pathogen to antibacterial drugs.

      An effective way to reduce morbidity and mortality from pneumococcal infection, especially given existing data on the antibiotic resistance of some S. pneumoniae strains, is vaccination. Mass immunization with the pneumococcal vaccine leads to a reduction in S. pneumoniae carriage and, consequently, a decrease in pneumococcal disease among unvaccinated children and adults.

      After the introduction of the pneumococcal vaccine into the routine immunization schedule in most developed countries, a significant reduction in pneumococcal disease has been achieved.

      Pneumonia caused by pneumococcus, including antibiotic-resistant strains, can be prevented by vaccination. Vaccination against pneumococcal infection should be carried out in accordance with the National Immunization Schedule and the vaccine instructions. Children are vaccinated at the ages of 2 and 4.5 months, with a booster at 15 months.

      For epidemiological indications, children aged 2–5 years and adults from risk groups are vaccinated (persons subject to conscription for military service; persons over 60 years of age suffering from chronic lung diseases; persons above working age living in social service institutions). Pneumococcal vaccination is provided free of charge at polyclinics where patients are registered.

      Protect yourself and your loved ones! Stay healthy!

      Based on materials from the website of the Federal Budgetary Healthcare Institution “Center for Hygienic Education of the Population” of Rospotrebnadzor (http://cgon.rospotrebnadzor.ru/)

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