Dr. Savitskaya explained how to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

      13 August 2025 11:53

      [221]

      Society

      Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain one of the leading causes of death in the world. According to the World Health Organization, they claim about 18 million lives each year. This is a global problem that requires not only medical but also broad preventive measures.

      The chief freelance specialist in medical prevention of the Ministry of Health of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, chief physician of the Nizhny Novgorod Regional Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention, Natalya Savitskaya, explained which diseases are included in the group of CVDs, why they are so dangerous, and how each person can reduce the risks.

      What is included among cardiovascular diseases

      CVDs encompass a wide range of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. These include ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension, stroke, and myocardial infarction.

      Ischemic heart disease (IHD) occurs when the coronary arteries that supply the heart become narrowed. A lack of oxygen in the myocardium leads to angina or a myocardial infarction.

      Hypertension quietly damages the vascular system, increasing the risk of strokes and heart attacks.

      A stroke is an acute disruption of blood supply to the brain, which can lead to paralysis, speech or memory impairment, or death.

      A myocardial infarction is the result of a sudden blockage of a coronary artery and the death of part of the heart muscle.

      "These diseases often have common causes and can develop against the background of the same risk factors," Natalya Savitskaya noted.

      Main risk factors

      The specialist highlights several key causes that increase the likelihood of developing CVDs:

      • Poor diet.

      Excessive consumption of saturated and trans fats (fast food, fried foods, industrial baked goods) leads to increased levels of "bad" cholesterol and the development of atherosclerosis. Too much salt raises blood pressure; excess sugar increases the risk of diabetes. A lack of vegetables and fruits weakens the body's defenses.

      • Sedentary lifestyle.

      Physical inactivity contributes to weight gain, reduces the elasticity of blood vessels and heart function, and slows metabolism. Regular physical activity (at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week) strengthens the cardiovascular system, improves circulation, and helps control weight and blood pressure.

      • Smoking.

      Nicotine constricts blood vessels, raises blood pressure, accelerates heart rate, and increases the risk of thrombosis. "Quitting smoking is one of the most effective steps for reducing cardiovascular risk," the expert emphasized.

      • Stress.

      Chronic tension leads to the release of the hormones adrenaline and cortisol, which constrict blood vessels and increase blood clotting. Physical activity, meditation, yoga, or consulting a psychologist can help reduce the harm.

      • Heredity.

      If close relatives had CVDs, the risk is higher. However, a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce it.

      Prevention — an investment in the future

      Natalya Savitskaya is confident that prevention should be comprehensive. It includes balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, giving up harmful habits, learning to manage stress, and undergoing routine medical check-ups.

      "The earlier abnormalities are detected and treatment is started, the greater the chance of preserving health and quality of life," the doctor concluded.

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